Hrm and Technology

1. 0 Introduction In today’s rapidly changing business world, the need has arisen to harness the resources to its optimum use in order to gain success in the business arena. Technology plays a vital role as this applies to the most valuable resource of Human resource too. Technology has greatly influenced the transformation from traditional and personal management to a more strategic human resource management approach. The ongoing technology improvement has paved the way for quick access to obtain the preferred resource regardless of geographical and environmental barriers. The extent of technology use across various activities of HRM, especially in recruiting and selection covers from advertising positions, receiving applications, initial screening to final section. This particular search can be for entry level, middle level and high level position as appropriate, according to the external and internal factors of an organization. Huge cost reductions in HR have also been experienced through technology application, while, they have also led to adverse impacts such as redundancies and lay-offs. Communication development technology contributes furthermore, from the recruitment process to career development process through training and development, and creates resource personnel in the organization. Computer based testing leads to unbiased selections, arbitrating to effective and efficient Human Resource Management. Access to Human Resource Information systems (HRIS) has also helped to automate most of the functions of HRM to a greater extent and allows the HR activities to run in a less cumbersome and efficient manner. This report further outlines the adoption of virtual work and outsourcing as a result of modern technological evolution, and the benefits and impacts that technology has embraced towards Human Resource Management. 2. 0 DISCUSSION 2. 0 What is Human Resource Management? According to Samson & Daft, â€Å"Human resource management refers to the activities undertaken to attract, develop and maintain an effective workforce within an organization†. In other words HRM is the function dealing with managing people within the employer – employee relationship (Stone, 2005). HRM function involves the productive use of people in achieving the organisation’s strategic business objectives and the satisfaction of individual employee needs. HRM is closely related to other management aspects, as its main objective is to improve the productive contribution of people. Human Resources Management encompasses a wide range of activities inclusive of identifying and deciding on staffing needs, hiring, recruiting and training the most suitable employees, ensuring and evaluating their performance, , and ensuring that the personnel and management practices conform to various regulations. It also includes activities relating to managing approaches for employee issues such as benefits and compensation, safety, employee records and personnel policies. (Snell & Sherman, 2004). Human Resource managers plan, administer and review activities relating to staff selection, training and development, conditions of employment and other human resource issues within organizations (Peters, 2004). 3. 0 Objectives of using Technology in HRM The study of HRM describes what human resource managers do and what they should do. While there are many definitions of HRM, its primary purpose is to improve the productive contribution of people within an organization. Until the last few years the discipline was known as personnel  management. (Eddie & Smith, 2004). Now the term ‘human resource management' is increasingly used in recognition of the importance of an organization’s workforce in contributing to the goals of that organization. Today's human resource issues are enormous and appear to be ever expanding. The human resource manager faces a multitude of problems ranging from a constantly changing workforce to coping with ever increasing government rules and regulations. Because of the critical nature of human resource concerns, they are receiving increased attention from upper levels of management. It used to be rare to see job advertisements for human resource managers. Now such advertisements are very common and encompass significant organizational responsibilities. People are the common element in every organization. From an organization’s perspective, its staff is its human resources. It is people like you who produce the goods and services that create wealth. It is these goods and services that contribute to our standard of living. (Collins, 2005). There are many challenges facing organizations today. The better our organizations work, the easier it is for society to meet the present and future threats and opportunities. It can be said that the central challenge we face in society is to continually improve the performance of our organizations in both the private and public sectors. Part of this improvement will come from organizations becoming more efficient and effective. This requires the effective management in these organizations. 4. 0 Technology in the modern business An Organization’s Technology is the process by which inputs from an organizations environment are transformed into outputs. This model integrates organizational  level technology research with human resource management strategies. (Robert, Mathis, John Harold 2006). The model relates dimensions of technical processes to human  resource practices, focusing on practices used to develop employees. These relationships are mediated by the type of skills employees  use. An empirical study of 139 employees found support for two  hypotheses developed from the model. Results suggested that  technology and HRM activities are connected through the level  of cognitive skill complexity and the amount of support employees  receive in developing new skills. Due to changes in the way  decisions are made in organizations today (for example, making  more decisions at lower levels) the connection between the work  process, the skills employees need, and the emphasis on developing  employees will become increasingly important. 5. Impact of Technology in HRM The technology has radically changed the way employees and managers access human resource data, and the use of online HR solutions has expanded rapidly over the past year. (Collins, 2005). Self-service and online tools have become important in the continuing effort to improve the management of HR functions and to drive competitive advantage, the survey found. â€Å"As the lines blur between HR data and that used by the rest of the enterprise, organizations find it makes sense to consolidate all employee data using a corporate portal. The importance of HR self-service is increasing, especially those applications that improve employee performance. â€Å"We're seeing the strongest growth among applications focused on managing and enhancing worker skills and productivity–no surprise given that up to 70 percent of an enterprise's expenses are people-related. _New skills required: As new technologies are developed and implemented, there is an Urgent need to upgrade existing employee skills and knowledge if the organization wants to survive and flourish in a competitive world. Additionally there will be growing demand for workers with more sophisticated training and skills especially in emerging ‘hot’ sectors like telecommunications, hospitality, retailing, banking, insurance, biotechnology and financial services. For example, services. For example, service sector employee requires different skills than those utilized in manufacturing. (Peters, 2004). They need strong interpersonal and communication skills as well as the ability to handle customer complaints in a flexible way. _ Downsizing: New Technologies have decimated many lower end jobs with frustrating regularity. Increased automation has reduced employee head counts everywhere. The pressure to remain cost effective has also compelled many a firm to go lean, cutting down extra fat at each managerial level. The wave of merger and acquisition activity, in recent A time has often left the new, combined companies to downsize operations ruthlessly. The Positions that have been filled up with workers possessing superior technical skills and Knowledge has also tilted the poser base ( in many emerging industries) from management to technical workers. It is not uncommon today for managers to have limited understanding of the technical aspects of their subordinates’ work. Managing the expectations of knowledge workers is going be major area of concern for all HR Managers in the years ahead. (Akin, Norton, Peg, 2004) _ Collaborative work: Technological change has resulted in hierarchical distinctions being blurred and more collaborative teamwork where managers, technicians and analysts work together on projects. Team based incentive plans have also made it necessary for all classes of employees to work in close coordination with each other. Telecommuting: The rapid advances in technology have led to the relocation of work from the office to the home. Telecommuting has become the order of the day where employees work at home, usually with computers and use phoned and the Internet to transmit letters, data and completed work to the home office. Companies have been able to increase their applicant pool through this mode and empl oyees have also been able to live further away from cities and gain considerably due to savings in rents, transportation etc. _ Internet and intranet revolution: Internet and information technology have enabled companies to become more competitive by cutting costs. Manufacturers, bank, retailers, and you name anything have successfully harnessed computer technology to reduce their costs and deliver want satisfying goods and services to customers at an amazing speed. Even in HR, internets and intranets are being used to handle training, benefit administration, performance management and out placement functions, in recent times. (Peters, 2004). The cumulative impact of new technology is so dramatic that at a broader level, organizations are changing the way they do business. Use of the internet to transact business has become so commonplace for both large and small companies that e-commerce is rapidly becoming the organizational challenge of the new millennium. Managing virtual corporations and virtual workers in this technology driven world is going to pose tough challenges for HR Managers in the years ahead. _ Role of HR in a virtual organization: A virtual organization is network of companies or employees connected by computers. Virtual workers work from home, hostel, their cars, or wherever their work takes them. The human resources function plays a unique role in a virtual organization: i. Psychological fit: The lack of face-to-face interaction in virtual organization, virtually compels HR professionals to determine the psychological fit between different units initially. (Collins, 2005). ii. System alignment: Given the lack of physical proximity, it becomes even more critical that the organization’s mission, vision and measures be aligned and that all parties are familiar with these issues, the HR function can play an important role in this task. iii. Reconsider rewards: In a virtual unit. Very few permanent exit. In many cases, the organization will be staffed with workers having different motivational forces. So rewarding each entity in an effective way becomes an important job. iv. Reconsider staffing needs: In a virtual organization, most employees work on a contractual basis. Finding people with requisite skills, a knowledge and motivation level becomes an important activity. v. Build partnerships: Virtual, teams have to be built from scratch paying attention to their unique requirements. The concept of employment needs to be replaced by the concept of ‘partnership’ especially when most tend to work independently away from the permanent employees or owners of the organization. vi. Develop leaders: Leaders become the major forces for building trust, creating a mission and instilling a sense of belonging to the organization HR can play a major role in ensuring that leaders assume these responsibilities and meet them in an effective away. (Collins, 2005). 6. 0 Technology in HR Activities A human resources officer develops, advises on and implements policies relating to the effective use of personnel within an organization. HR personnel work comprises a number of different but related policies, all of which are required by organizations that employ people, whatever the size or type of business. These cover areas such as working practices, recruitment, pay, conditions of employment and diversity. HR staffs need to ensure that the organization employs the right balance of staff in terms of skills and experience, and that training and development opportunities are available to employees to enhance their performance in order to achieve the organization’s objectives. Collins, 2005). Typical work activities As a human resources (HR) officer they must have a clear understanding of their organization’s business objectives and be able to devise and implement policies which select, develop and retain the right staff needed to meet these objectives. (Farquharson, 2006)The exact nature of the work activities varies according to the organization, but is likely to include: working closely with departmen ts, increasingly in a consultancy role, assisting line managers to understand and implement policies and procedures; †¢ promoting equality and diversity as part of the culture of the organization; †¢ liaising with a wide range of organizations involved in areas such as disability, gender, age, religion and health and safety; †¢ recruiting staff – this includes developing job descriptions, preparing advertisements, checking application forms, short listing, interviewing and selecting candidates; †¢ developing policies on issues such as working conditions, performance management, equal opportunities, disciplinary procedures and absence management; †¢ advising on pay and other remuneration issues, including promotion and benefits; †¢ undertaking regular salary reviews; negotiating with staff and their representatives on issues relating to pay and conditions; †¢ administering payroll and maintaining records relating to staff; †¢ interpretin g and advising on employment legislation; †¢ listening to grievances and implementing disciplinary procedures; †¢ developing HR planning strategies with line managers, which consider immediate and long-term staff requirements in terms of numbers and skill levels; †¢ planning and sometimes delivering training, including inductions for new staff; †¢ Analyzing training needs in conjunction with departmental managers. (Farquharson, 2006) When considering all the above accepts of a human resource manager, they must allocate much and more time and energy on selecting the right candidate to the right position. The technology can be used on Selected HRM activities such for Employee recruitment, employee selection, training and development and performance appraisals 6. 1 Recruitment & Selection The HR manager faces the main challenge when it comes to Recruitment and selection the manager has to be much more careful when choosing the right candidate. A recent study showed that the correlation between the ability to deliver well in a job interview and the ability to do well on the job is just 14 percent, or one good employee out of every seven people you hire. (Okpara, 2006). If you or your recruitment agency has found itself in a similar position, there are proven methods to improve this average. The same study considered these methods. Background Checks  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ According to (Okpara, 2006). The 14 percent increases to 26 percent if the candidates passes a series of  employee background checks like falsified educational credentials and other serious liabilities, background checks only reveal information when an individual has been caught being lying. Of equal or greater value are underlying attitudes, as well as actions at which an applicant has not been caught, to most fully protect the organization against negligent hiring lawsuits and to assure the organizations are hiring reliable, ethical, hard-working employees. Knowing this information about the people the company hire is absolutely essential because a business can be held liable for accidents and crimes committed by its employees. Personality Tests  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ consider traditional assessment tools used in the hiring process. These assessments measure personality characteristics. Personality tests  raised the rate of success in hiring to around 50 percent positive. (Okpara, 2006). Many employers want to know a candidate’s aptitude and personality type to ensure an appropriate job match. Some want to know it before they hire a candidate, some before they promote an employee, and some before they create work teams. In an effort to learn more about an employee, employers today administer personality tests. There are many kinds of personality tests available, but in the workplace a validated and reliable occupational assessment is critical to success on the job. (Okpara, 2006). Those professionals do not pass or fail but should be selected for the job that matches their individual personalities. Abilities Assessments  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ When applicants were tested for both abilities and personality, employers found they were hiring the right people just over half or about 54 percent of the time. (Times, 2006) After managers have used to identify their employee’s strengths and areas for development, they can use the Series to software’s available to develop the competencies that are most important to their professional growth and success. (Okpara, 2006). The software’s are conveniently located on the Internet, making it easy to implement and execute. These systems help managers to keep doing the things they do well, stop doing those things that interfere with their effectiveness, and start doing things that will improve their performance. These systems encourage managers to perform their jobs better. It gives emphasis to the importance of managers to the organization and its goals and pays big dividends in the form of improved productivity, fewer â€Å"people problems,† increased employee retention, and greater profits. It is an ideal method for managers to improve their leadership and management skills. It can be used anywhere and at any time because it is on the Internet. After responding to questions and doing online exercises, it gives managers the tools they need to maximize their strengths, become better managers, and lead more effectively. Interest Assessments  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ To take it one step further, the study considered  interest assessments, an even more sophisticated tool. It measures the job-related qualities that make a person productive – Thinking and Reasoning Style, Behavioral character, and Occupational Interests. These systems were used for placement, promotion, self-improvement, coaching, succession planning, and job description development. (Okpara, 2006). It is a flexible management tool that develops Job Match Patterns that can be customized by company, department, manager, position, geography, or any combination of these factors. Job Match  Assessments  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ The study found that the most impressive and successful assessments are integrated measures of a combination of factors, and also include the concept of  job match. They use cutting-edge technology combined with empirical data to evaluate the candidate against employees who are exemplary in performing their duties. Okpara, 2006). These recruitment assessments increased an employer's ability to identify excellent candidates more than 75 percent of the time. Hiring top performing employees may be one of the most valuable activities you can do for your business. This system combine tested and reliable data derived from pre-emp loyment screening assessment system, with a customized job analysis survey to create a benchmark by which the manager can hire an employee who best fits for the job and company. Employee Selection Process By including job match as a key factor in your employee hiring process, allocation of human capital will be significantly more effective. Most employee hiring decisions are made with inadequate information, but Profiles International assessments will deliver the information that the manager need to know before tendering a job offer and making a hiring mistake. 6. 2 Performance Appraisal Technology may contribute to performance management and thus to appraisal satisfaction in two primary ways. First, technology may facilitate measuring an individual’s performance via computer monitoring activities. This frequently occurs as an unobtrusive and rote mechanical process that relies on minimal input from individuals beyond their task performance. Jobs that incorporate this type of appraisal technology are frequently scripted or repetitious and involve little personal judgment or discretion. Working in a call centre or performing data entry are examples. (Peters, 2004). In this instance, the very act of performing a job simultaneously becomes the measure of how well a jobholder accomplishes it. Keystrokes, time on task, or numbers of calls made are recorded and at once become both job content and appraisal content. A second approach to technology and performance management changes the emphasis so that technology becomes a tool to facilitate the process of writing reviews or generating performance feedback. Examples here include multi-rater appraisals that supervisors or team members generate online, as well as off-the-shelf appraisal software packages that actually construct an evaluation for a manager. (Peters, 2004). This particular technological approach occurs more often in the ontext of jobs that involve personal judgment, high discretion, and open-ended tasks for which real-time performance monitoring is not an option. 6. 3 Training and Development The activity of Training and development has been made more efficient from the implementation of technology to it. Organizations now use computer based training sessions which use a visually demonstrated and presentation oriented training programme for the employees. (Peters, 2004). Programmes are stored in computers which reduce the necessity of getting trainers to repeat the training programme over and over again. The employees are also equipped with software’s which enable them to re-check and use as manuals for the work they perform, thus influencing a cheaper mechanism of Self Training. (Peters, 2004). Errors and omissions are eliminated in the training programme, making the employees to understand their job processes more efficiently. 6. 4 Reward System The revolution is being driven by new technologies and by the major social and political changes that have led to the globalization of business and to the increasing numbers of democratic, capitalist countries. Billions of people have recently entered, or are about to enter, the capitalist world. (Collins, 2005). A smaller but very significant number have entered the world of electronic connectedness as a result of the growing popularity of the Internet, satellite TV, cellular phones, and videoconferencing. The combined effects of technological and political change on organizations are enormous and multifaceted. Increasingly, organizations are finding that in order to be competitive in the new global economy they have to reinvent themselves in important ways. This is true of their basic organizational structure, their global reach, and their use of information technology. (Collins, 2005). It is also true of their reward systems. The old reward practices and systems that worked well in nationally focused, bureaucratic, capital-intensive, hierarchical, steady-state, near-monopoly corporations. Dramatic change is needed, and it is not difficult to identify what the key theme of today's reward systems should be: a focus on rewarding excellence. Many factors argue for excellence being the number-one focus of any organization's reward system, including the ability to attract and retain the best people and to motivate the kind of performance that an organization needs in order to succeed in the new economy. Creating reward systems that focus on excellence and treat employees as human capital investors requires a major change in the way most systems operate. (Collins, 2005). Reward systems typically treat employees as job holders who are rewarded according to the size and nature of their jobs and how well they perform their jobs. Viewing them as human capital investors suggests a different approach to rewards in two respects. First, it suggests basing rewards on the value of the human capital that people bring to the organization. What their job is at a particular moment is much less important than the value of their knowledge and skills. Second, it suggests rewarding people according to how effectively they use their human capital-their knowledge, skills, and competencies to help the organization improve its business performance. Creating reward systems that recognize the value of human capital and reward performance excellence is not easy. It requires a careful articulation among an organization's reward system, business strategy, organization design, information systems, and employees. (Collins, 2005). I will begin our discussion of how it can be done by considering how reward systems impact organizational effectiveness. 7. 0 HRIS Human resource ‘info system’ The Human Resource Information System (HRIS) is a program or software or online issue solving method for the data entry, data tracking, and data information needs of the Human Resources, payroll, management, and accounting functions within a business. (Stone, 2005). In general packaged as a data base, hundreds of companies sell some form of HRIS and every HRIS has different capabilities. It is very important to select the HRIS carefully based on the capabilities you need for the organisation. Benefits of a Human Resource Information System (HRIS) is no longer a â€Å"nice to have,† but a necessity to help HR manage both a sea of information and the money spent on benefits plans, as HR faces limited resources and constantly changing data. (Stone, 2005). As a result the HRIS that most effectively serves companies tracks: Pay raises and history, pay grades and positions held †¢ Performance development plans, training received †¢ Disciplinary action received, personal em ployee information †¢ High potential employee identification, and applicant tracking, interviewing, and selection. An effective HRIS provides information on just about anything the company needs to track and analyze about employees, former employees, and applicants. Your company will need to select a Human Resources Information System and customize it to meet your needs. 8. 0 Benefits of Technology in HRM Technology is changing the way we work, the roles we undertake, and the interactions through which work gets done. (Peters, 2004). Companies are leveraging to manage the complexity of the global HRM and to deliver high-quality service. Companies use either a common system universal to all location For a example, HSBC uses people soft Ids to identify all the employees dispatched globally. SAP is the system that is used in MAS Holdings Globally, which enables the employees, suppliers and the management and the higher management to make Operational, analytical and strategic decisions, or a set of non standard system in unique to a each location to handle their HR programs and informational needs. The problem with the latter is that data are often late, incomplete and/or inaccurate. However because the time and cost factors they are the most commonly used. To reduce the negative impact of such problems some companies are developing service centers utilizing self service technologies and HRIS databases to eliminate routine work and to push delivery point back the employee or line management. With an appropriate use of HRM technology Human Resources staff enables employees to do their own benefits updates and address changes (example: by creating a data entry format , uploading it to the intranet and later program the filled data to be store into a central location), thus freeing HR staff for more strategic functions. Additionally, data necessary for employee management, knowledge development, career growth and development, and equal treatment is facilitated. (Farquharson, 2006). Finally, managers can access the information they need to legally, ethically, and effectively support the success of their reporting employees. 9. 0 Conclusion Technology and Human Resource have brought about a radical change in meeting with the strategies, policies and implementation of the corporate planning of an organization. In other words, it has become the nucleus of an organization, which caters to the requirements of selecting the right candidate for the suitable job, training and coaching them to develop and achieve the desired levels to maximize objectives and to create a competitive edge in the industry and ultimately sustain them in the organization with a career development plan. In this process, opportunities will be given to those who are really in need of a specific exposure in another country so as to acquire the required skills. This so called valuable resource will be able to cater to the demand with a long-term view, by adopting the right technology advancement at the right time and improve the overall operation of the organization with a clear vision and hence contribute to the bottomline which will enhance the share value and satisfy the shareholders to achieve satisfaction. 10. 0 Reference ? Stone, J, R. (2005). Human Resource Management. (5th Ed. ). John Wiley and sons, Australia ? Anne Osborne Kilpatrick, James A. Johnson, 2004. Handbook of Health Administration, Co. CRC Press ? Collins, M. (2005). Professional recruitment: Journal of proquest education, p. 32. ? Eddie, C. & Smith. (2004). Human Resource and Personnel Management: Text and Cases, Co. Tata-Mcgrawhill, p. 87-89. ? Farquharson, M. (2006). Performance appraisal: Journal of proquest education, p12. ? Grey. . (2005). Human resource planning: Journal of proquest education. ? Robert L. Mathis, John Harold Jackson, 2006. Human Resource Management, Co. Thomson South- Western ? Okpara, J. O. (2006). Job satisfaction: American journal of academy of business, p81. ? Peters, L. (2004). five keys to effective recruiting: Ivey business journal, p 21-24. ? Snell & Sherman, 2004, managing human resource 12th edition

The Forbidden Facts About Samples of Beginning Essay to Certain College Revealed by an Expert

The Forbidden Facts About Samples of Beginning Essay to Certain College Revealed by an Expert Samples of Beginning Essay to Certain College at a Glance In any event, it's well worth applying for, because it's going decrease the expense of your education. As a result of the exact competitive nature of the employment sector, getting the correct job or deciding on the ideal career is not quite as simple as it once utilized to be. Writing essays aren't only for assignments but important vehicles for you to attain your dreams so always handle them with passion and attention. Not much creative skills are necessary to compose such sort of College essays. Students shouldn't have to wear uniforms. They should not have to wear school uniforms because they limit students' ability to express their individuality. To help they understand how to write an assignment, we have made a large database of free college essays. Upcoming college students might also be requested to compose a college essay for a portion of their first requirements. The Dirty Facts About Samples of Beginning Essay to Certain College The duration of your essay is not what universities start looking for. Beginning with interesting truth about your subject will certainly grab the interest it needs. Naturally, essays play a major role in the college application procedure, also. While writing an essay might be a 20-minute job for a single student, it can become a true challenge for one more. Furthermore, there's a massive database of excellent narrative, persuasive, argumentative and other kinds of essays on the most fascinating and exceptional topics. To offer you a remedy about how to compose an impressive college essay, here are a couple ideas you may wish to consider. Once writing an essay isn't as easy as you have thought, you can require superior assistance and guidance. While writing an essay is a true challenge for a number of students, there's an array of quality services that could be useful. At some point, the school isn't a fashion show. For instance, leading off of our very first topic sentence example you may want to say Half of Americans are drug addicts as caffeine is now the most commonly used drug on earth. Dropping the name of a renowned person on day one of a paper usually receives the reader's interest. The above-listed Essay Samples are ideal for colleges. Read your essay to see whether it flows well. Every essay should have a particular structure. Writing an essay isn't a very simple endeavor. Templates like Descriptive Essay about Office can be helpful for an individual who's planning to pay a visit to an office. Descriptive Narrative Essay Example may be used mainly to recreate an occasion. Searching for the ideal essay templates are able to help you start up your writing endeavor. An unbelievable chance to have a free sample of an essay is currently provided by UKEssays. Therefore, the content of the introduction is largely based on the function of the essay and the information which will be availed to the readers. Before you even begin writing the content of your college essay, there are a few essay writing basic guide that you must always remember. What Samples of Beginning Essay to Certain College Is - and What it Is Not Anytime you must compose a timed essay, you should start with a frame depending on the parts below. Fortunately, you can learn how to craft an excellent essay if you're able to adhere to the typical pattern and write in a very clear and organized way. An essay is a brief bit of writing, which expresses certain info and the writer's opinion on the problem. Contrary to other essays in which you might want to argue or prove something, a narrative essay is all about telling a story. As a writer, you compose an essay for any particular purpose. You will need to understand how to encourage readers to keep reading. Writing such a paragraph can appear intimidating but when you are in possession of a very good instance, the method gets easy. The introductory paragraph is perhaps the most significant paragraph in the essay since it's the initial and possibly last opportunity to produce an effect on the reader.

Literary Analysis of I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings Essay

Thomas Lim December 9, 2010 English 2 Professor Padilla Themes of Racism and Segregation in I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings By Maya Angelou The purpose of this paper is to introduce, discuss, and analyze the novel I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings by Maya Angelou. Specifically it will discuss the themes of racism and segregation, and how these strong themes are woven throughout this moving autobiography. Maya Angelou recounts the story of her early life, including the racism and segregation she experiences throughout her formative years. With wit, sincerity, and remarkable talent, Angelou portrays racism as a product of ignorance and prejudice. However, she finds the strength to rise above this crippling condition.†¦show more content†¦She is then threatened and told not to tell an adult if she wants to save her brother’s life. This leads to a long period of time where she refuses to speak to anyone. She writes of this time, There was an army of adults, whose motives and movements I just couldnt understand and who made no effort to understand mine (Angelou 72). This may be one of the lon eliest periods in Angelous life, but in some ways, it made her stronger and more able to survive in the whites world, even though it was a terrible ordeal. After she stops speaking, Angelou and her brother are sent back to Stamps. Here, she begins to see the solace that many blacks feel in their resignation and acceptance of prejudice and racism. She writes, They showed me a contentment based on the belief that nothing more was coming to them, although a great deal more was due. Their decision to be satisfied with lifes inequities was a lesson for me (Angelou 86). Angelou learned this lesson, but never quite became satisfied with lifes inequities; thankfully, she retained some of her rage regarding inequalities between white and black, which give great depth and emotion to her writing and her life. The importance of education and knowledge is at the root of Angelous flight from the South, and she realizes it. Critic Harold Bloom writes, Marguerite is showered withShow MoreRelat edI Know Why The Caged Bird Sings1482 Words   |  6 Pages Maya Angelou tells of her life experiences and struggles in her book â€Å"I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings† that gives us insight about Maya’s life as a young black girl growing up in a time of racism. The novel discusses various forms of oppression that she had to face as well cope with them. Robert A. Gross wrote an analysis for Newsweek about the book and claimed that Angelou’s book is not only an interesting story of her own experience, but also a portrayal of a Southern black communityRead MoreWhy Should Anybody Care?1198 Words   |  5 Pages ELA7_SB_U5_L11 Introduction and Objective â€Å"Why should anybody care?† That’s the question of the day! The answer is also how you create an effective concluding section for your essay. You want to make sure your reader understands why they read through your entire essay, and you want them to be happy they spent the time doing it! Today s lesson objective is: Students will write a concluding section that follows from the information or explanation presented. In addition to a strong introductionRead MoreMaya Angelou: A Model Woman Through Influential Literature Essay1708 Words   |  7 PagesHer literature has influenced the young and old with their contents. Maya Angelous literary significance rests primarily upon her exceptional ability to tell her life story as both a human being and a black American woman. She is best known for her series of six autobiographical volumes, which focuses on her childhood and early adult experiences. The first and most highly acclaimed, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings , written in 1969, tells of her first seventeen years. It brought her internationalRead MoreMaya Angelou’s Unique Self Essay2562 Words   |  11 Pages p.20). In Maya Angelou’s autobiography, I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings, she recounts her early years as a young girl growing up in Stamps, Arkansas who faces displacement, trauma, and prejudice. It is through her character and artistic expression that she is able to overcome the trauma of her childhood and evolve into the distinguished and unique individual that has captivated millions through literature. In her book, I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings, Angelou reflects on the impact that her childhoodRead More Censorship in the Classroom Essay2774 Words   |  12 Pagesconsidered controversial because of its statement about or use of these topics. What makes these and other areas so touchy in the classroom? Why do some parents and concerned community members want controversial materials out of the classroom? In this look at the language of censorship, we must first define censorship, who does the censoring, and why. These will be the first three spotlights for looking at the language of censorship. Then, we will look at how teachers, especially teachersRead MoreThe Mayor Of Casterbridge, Symbolism, Animal Kingdom, Philosophy1768 Words   |  8 Pages Keywords: Thomas Hardy, The Mayor of Casterbridge, Symbolism, Bird Imagerey, Animal Kingdom, Philosophy Introduction The Mayor of Casterbridge is one of the masterpieces and the imperishable novel of Thomas Hardy, although it has never enjoyed the popularity of Tess and Jude. Hardy was at the height of his creative powers when he began work on it at the age of forty four. Initially, the novel appeared serially, in twenty installments, in 1886 in an English periodical, The Graphic, and wasRead MoreHot and Cold: Warmth in Poetry Essay1234 Words   |  5 PagesHot and Cold: Warmth in Poetry Poetry is one of the more mysterious denizens of the literary world. A poem can be anything, from a three-lined poem known as a haiku to a giant epic poem like the â€Å"The Odyssey.† They can be rhyming or non-rhyming, long or short, sensible or nonsensical. Even lyrics in songs can be considered poetry, seeing as how they are rhyming and flow so well. The parameters for a poem are wide, the requirements few; but no matter what style or author you read, from Homer to DoctorRead MoreSusan Glaspell s Trifles 3309 Words   |  14 Pagesfeel women are the property of their husbands. Even in speaking to their wives, the men address the women as Mrs. Hale, Mrs. Peters or Mrs. Wright. It is as if the women are nobodies, without the men. When the sheriff speaks of his wife, he says: â€Å"I suppose anything Mrs. Peters does’ll be all right† (558). The sheriff infers, since Mrs. Peters is married to him, she is an honest woman, therefore insinuating without him she would not be honest. This speaks volumes of Mrs. Wright’s identity. TheRead MoreLiterary Criticism : The Free Encyclopedia 7351 Words   |  30 Pages Bildungsroman From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search In literary criticism, a Bildungsroman (German pronunciation: [ˈbÉ ªldÊŠÅ‹s.Ê oËÅ'maË n]; German: novel of formation, education, culture),[a] novel of formation, novel of education,[2] or coming-of-age story (though it may also be known as a subset of the coming-of-age story) is a literary genre that focuses on the psychological and moral growth of the protagonist from youth to adulthood (coming of age),[3]

The Education Of The Public Education - 763 Words

Abstract Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) curriculum in schools is undergoing a revolution in public education. This revolution is sparked by an increase in federal funding over the last decade. Between the years of 2011 and 2015, the federal government alone invested between three and 3.7 billion dollars yearly for STEM education (Johnson, 2012) (White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, 2014) and new STEM educational instructional strategies (Bruce-Dacis, Gubbins, Gilson, Villanueva, Foreman, 2014). Despite these new investments and changes, many students are neither enrolling nor excelling in STEM programming, particularly students of color (Museus, Palmer, Davis, Maramba, 2011). Concurrently, many of the areas of greatest economic opportunity exist in STEM related fields (National Research Council, 2011). In order to overcome the opportunity gap that exists between White students and students of color, it is essential for schools and districts to research and implement best practices related to STEM in classrooms. The practices must not only be based in strong pedagogy and professional awareness, but also include culturally responsive practices both within the classroom and the building (Johnson, Peters-Burton, Moore, 2016)and development of STEM mentors both in and out of the classroom (Ware Stein, 2013). Chapter 1 Introduction Background of the Problem Science and math related education has been in an ongoing stateShow MoreRelatedThe Education System And Public Education945 Words   |  4 Pagespeople must take upon themselves the education of the whole people and be willing to bear the expenses of it. There should not be a district of one mile square, without a school in it, not founded by a charitable individual, but maintained at the public expense of the people themselves’† (Strauss). Our founding fathers wanted our nation to be an educated nation. There were many who believed that only a chosen should be educated, but there were those who saw education to be more pervasive. During theRead MorePublic Education System For Education1688 Words   |  7 PagesIt is every child’s right to have access to a public education system that will provide quality education for success in life. Yet far today far too many children, especially those from poor and minority families, are limited to at risk by school systems with a lower quality of education while students in a low poverty community receive a higher quality of education. It is frustrating that even when socio-economic statuses are rapidly merging and changing that an educational achievement gap stillRead MorePublic Education And The Education System2112 Words   |  9 PagesIn today’s day and age, public education is outweighed on the scale. Young people don’t see the necessity of moving onto higher education and why should they when they know that a college degree doesn’t guarantee a job in the end. You have a greater chance of being employed if you do indeed have your degree. And sure, you know your stuff but do you have the experience? Do you have the skill to actually do your job? Public education systems are becoming more and more concerned about college and careerRead MoreHigh Education : A Education System Of Public Higher Education945 Words   |  4 Pagesgenerations do not have open access to higher educa tion? Despite California’s decreasing state budget, the purpose of enforcing higher education is to have job stability in the future, assign educated policymakers to take over the state’s affairs, and meet the demands of the labor market. Higher education in California has been demoted into the â€Å"California is financially unable to provide enough support† category. This is absolutely unacceptable-without education there will be an increase in unemploymentRead MoreThe Importance Of Education In Public School Education705 Words   |  3 PagesEducation, for both youth and adults in the United States has been labeled to have extreme importance. The United States is blessed to have the right to a free education and access to resources to help develop further education. This right is not restricted to those with a learning disability or special need. Students found to have a special need (i.e. autism, down syndrome etc.) are given the same opportunity to be educated. By attending schools with children who have these challenges, it is noticeableRead MorePublic Schooling And Public Education1497 Words   |  6 Pagesexponentially, the gap in the quality of public schooling rises with it. For a country that prid es itself in prestigious outlets of education, the system of public schooling seems to be miserably failing. Public education, a system that some fight to destroy while others fight to preserve, is perhaps the only source of academic opportunity for many individuals living in this country. The fact that someone can live in a certain area and receive a higher quality of public education than someone else living in aRead MorePrivate Education Vs. Public Education864 Words   |  4 PagesIt is often said that private education is superior to public education. I attended a private Christian school from grades Kindergarten through eighth. My father believed a private education would be the best option for me. Our class sizes were very small. Each grade level had around forty students, but we were split equally into two individual classes. The majority of the eighth grade class consisted of the same students that we started Kindergarten with. We had grown up together and helped oneRead M oreGraduation Speech : Education And Public Education972 Words   |  4 Pagesin America, the chances of one having received some form of general education are high. Schools come in all shapes and sizes to accommodate the needs and preferences of parents and students; they can range between the extremes of religious to liberal arts and private to public education. In E.B. White’s â€Å"Education†, he describes his son’s shift from a city private school to a country public school. In contrast, the public education I received before entering college was very different from the experiencesRead MorePublic Education For Public Schools1477 Words   |  6 Pagesgovernment and the costs associated with providing public services. Public education is no exception to the increased interest in government costs and accountability. One of the greatest challenges in public-school systems is ensuring a fiscally responsible, high-quality, equal education for all students. T he idea that a free and equal public education should be available to all students has been fundamental in our society for decades. Scholars of education such as Jefferson, Rousseau, Mann, and DeweyRead MoreThe Importance Of Public Education1452 Words   |  6 PagesPublic education in the United States is closely linked to its very founding. Puritans who left England to establish the Massachusetts Bay Colony brought with them the egalitarian idea that universal education was necessary with the rise of the secular state to ensure individual autonomy and remove â€Å"ecclesiastical and monastic control of education...exercised by the Catholic Church.† (Walker, 1984, p. 266). Education as a benefit to the state was based on the idea that while education provided an

Buddhism in the United States Free Essays

string(124) " in the Hollywood arena and ahs established a series of meditation centers, also called as Dharmadhatu \(Wikipedia, 2007\)\." It has almost become part of a regular routine. Like a habit. Practitioners enter this type of monastery to chant and meditate using Tibetan mantras while sitting cross-legged on mats, simultaneously being led by a lama. We will write a custom essay sample on Buddhism in the United States or any similar topic only for you Order Now Their surroundings – bright Tibetan paintings – depict of a scene quite unfamiliar from their own. Indeed this picture can portray an Asian vista, but it is not in Asia. This is private in the Rime Center, located just off Interstate 35 in Kansas City, identified as one of approximately 1,000 Buddhist centers in the United States (Browning, 2007). In 2006, National Geographic magazine accounted that Buddhism has become one of United States’ religion with an increasing number of supporters, given an estimated 1. 5% of the country’s total population (Jan Hai, 2006). This is strongly held up by an established 2,000 Buddhist societies and associations of various sizes found in the United States (Jan Hai, 2006). To further highlight the prevalence of Buddhism in the West, Dalai Lama, the Tibetan leader, has done several visits to cities of the United States for public talks and other forms of assemblies with young peacemakers, scientists, the academe, business executives and to all other budding faithful Americans (Lampman, 2006). According to the 2006 edition of the Christian Science Monitor, â€Å"Dalai Lama’s visits spotlights the fact that with 1. 5 million adherents, Buddhism is America’s fourth largest religion. † Buddhism is steadily growing in the region and is incessantly spreading as American-born leaders present this traditionally ancient belief structured into the Western perspective and conditions (Lampman, 2006). America, with its diverse environment and cultures for Buddhism, lays out a unique history on how this religion laid its foundation and further distinguished itself towards a continuing process of development in the nation (Wikipedia, 2007). Buddhism making History in the United States Buddhism originated as a progeny of Hinduism in India (Zukeran, 1994). Founded by Siddharta Gautama (the Enlightened One) in the 6th century B. C. , Buddhism’s central focus is to sought the answer of the existence of pain and suffering in this world (Browning, 2007). The basic teachings of Buddhism – the Four Noble Truths and the Eight-fold Path – aim to address these. It is only through the total self-annihilation of desires made by following these teachings is one able to attain the eternal state of being called, Nirvana (Zukeran, 1994). This belief was carried on to various parts of Asia, with almost every denomination represented: Southeast Asian, Vietnamese, Tibetan, Korean, Chinese and Japanese varieties of ancient Buddhism (Gross, 2005). Buddhism endlessly spread across Asia. James Browning, an English Pastor of Englewood Baptist Church noted that Buddhism came to the United States in the 20th century due to three factors: (1) large number of Asian Buddhist immigrants, and the contact of Westerners with Asia during and after the World War II; (2) diaspora of Buddhist leaders from Tibet, China and Southeast Asia instigated by the Marxist Revolutions; and (3) the various missionary activities of Buddhist teachers in the United States (Browning, 2007). With the Asian immigrants spreading across the United States with their teachings in Buddhism, American intellectuals were starting to become involved and took interest to this religion or belief. (Wikipedia, 2007). To name a few, Englishmen William Jones and Charles Wilkins initiated translation works from Sanskrit to English to comprehend the ancient religion. Even Henry David Thoreau and Ralph Waldo Emerson took the extra mile in understanding the Buddhist philosophy and published later the first English version of the Lotus Sutra. Henry Steel Olcott was the first popular American to publicly convert himself to the religion. And the most remarkable event in the history of Buddhism in America was when the World Parliament of Religions was held in Chicago in 1893 to pave way for a public forum wherein Buddhists can freely communicate with the rest of the Western public (Wikipedia, 2007). Types of Buddhism in the United States With the successful emergence of Buddhism in the United States, even to date, both immigrants and native-born continue to practice Buddhism in diverse forms (Browning, 2007). According to some scholars such as Charles Prebish, three broad types of Buddhism in America are predominantly being carried out (Wikipedia, 2007). The oldest and largest is the â€Å"immigrant† or what is called â€Å"ethnic Buddhism†. The next oldest and what is accorded to be the most evident is the â€Å"import Buddhism†, which is also sometimes called as â€Å"elite Buddhism†. Finally, the newest sect of Buddhism actively purported in America from various backgrounds is the â€Å"export† or â€Å"evangelical Buddhism† (Wikipedia, 2007). The differences and distinctions of these three types will be elaborated further below. Immigrant Buddhism is largely the Buddhist tradition brought about by the early Asian Buddhist settlers in the United States. This is home to the Buddhists from China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia, and from nearly all other Buddhist country in the world over (Wikipedia, 2007). The largest national immigrant Buddhism in the United States is the Buddhist Churches of America or the BCA. Japanese immigrants founded this organization and are linked with the Jodo Shinshu (Pure Land) branch of Buddhism. Its model has incorporated certain devotional practices with the likes of American Protestantism (Browning, 2007). Import Buddhism on the one hand, has its nature as its definition. As American intellectuals seek the truth and pursue a quest from a variety of countries in Asia, three trends of Import Buddhism have emerged, as follows: Zen, Tibetan Buddhism and Vipassana (caused by Theravada Buddhism). (Wikipedia, 2007). Several Zen centers are already situated in the United States with emphasis on sitting meditation (zazen), and are being taught by a master (roshi). Zen is able to attract individuals due to its minimalism, its center of attention on both spontaneity and discipline, its mystique, its appeal with the arts (examples of its respective poetry includes haiku, gardening, ink landscape paintings, and No Theater) and its likeness towards martial arts (Browning, 2007). Tibetan Buddhism stems from its ancestors’ teachings with the most prominent Buddhist teacher in the world as their current Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso. He has attracted a number of celebrities in the Hollywood arena and ahs established a series of meditation centers, also called as Dharmadhatu (Wikipedia, 2007). You read "Buddhism in the United States" in category "Papers" Currently there are four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism in the West: the Gelug, the Kagyu, the Nyingma, and the Sakya (Wikipedia, 2007). The last trend of Import Buddhism is Vipassana which is rooted from Theravada teachings. With a rough translation of â€Å"insight meditation†, Vipassana’s ancient meditative practices aim to simplify ritual and other ceremonial activities in order to achieve a more effective and available-to-all type of meditation. This sect is more open to lay involvement which sets Theravada differently amongst other teachings (Wikipedia, 2007). Import Buddhism was earlier noted as an â€Å"elite Buddhism†, reason being is the nature of its origins. The elite American society with its keen interest to know more of the religion tends to go overseas in various Asian regions to pursue their explorations. Lastly, Export Buddhism focused on recruiting converts from the public, one of which is Soka Gakkai’s Nichiren Buddhism. Nicheren Shoshu of America or NSA’s goal is world peace and harmony which can be achieved by the total transformation of lives. Their central focus in their meditation centers are on the Buddhist sculpture, the Lotus Sutra. (Browning, 2007). NSA actively promotes its chanting of mantra expressing its allegiance to the Lotus Sutra. The most distinct feature that sets Soka Gakkai apart is its meditative technique solely articulated through chanting. Over the years, Buddhism in the United States has developed and made itself suitable to its environment. With the numerous sects branching out from Buddhism, it is not unlikely that another trend has developed in the West: socially engaged Buddhism. With the notion of quietism and passive approach to the society, this new trend sets to bring forth Buddhism in a different angle – moving it outside its norms. Engaged Buddhism is simply to apply its values and teachings to a wider and more involved spectrum in the society. This may concern the environment, political issues and community welfare. (Wikipedia, 2007). Role of Buddhism in Revolutionizing the West With all these sectors of Buddhism prevalent in the United States, another question boils down, regardless which sect you are involved into: What is it in Buddhism that has created an enormous appeal, interest and following in the Western way of living? Perhaps what is drawing people is Buddhism’s non-missionizing approach that suits the American’s search for more meaningful spiritual ways (Lampman, 2006). According to Lama Surya Das, a highly-trained American lama in the Tibetan tradition, â€Å"they are not building big temples, but offering wisdom, and ways of reconciliation and peacemaking, which are so much needed. † (Lampman, 2006). Westerners are in search of meaning of their traditional spiritual practices, and they have found answers in the transformative practices of meditation. Though this may suggest Buddhism as being able to serve as one of the answers being sought after by the faithful Americans, it should also be noted that the entry of Buddhism in the United States, particularly in North America was not as natural. Americanization of Buddhism: Its Limitations Americanization of Buddhism has emerged due to the convert Buddhists whose concerns are primarily different from those of traditionally Buddhist populations (Gross, 2005). Convert Buddhists find the Asian culture forms encase Buddhism in an uncomfortable manner (Gross, 2005). They have therefore developed approaches to Buddhist teachings that suits best their new religious identity in the Western point of view. In addition to the controversial topic of â€Å"Americanization† of Buddhism, the role of women was also tapped as another concern in the United States. It can be observed that in almost all major world religions, it is always male-dominated, similar to that of Buddhism. With Japan as an exception, another feature to note is that all traditional Buddhist societies or associations are empowered by lay-monastic dichotomy. Male denouncers for their religion are often labeled with prestige and honor, yet it is the other way around for women. Finally a deeper complication surfaced. The very teachings of Buddhism, when extrapolated, can be seen as depicting mostly lineage ancestors of men (Gross, 2005). Nevertheless, this did not hinder American women from participating in American Buddhism. It is apparent that women had taken the task in meditation centers and other Buddhist forums. Based on some observers, they claim that this is the most noticeable difference between Asian and American Buddhist centers (Gross, 2005). This seemingly key concern of women involvement in American Buddhism can be highly attributed to the second wave of feminism simultaneously occurring when the Asian Buddhist immigrants arrived in the United States. They say that if it were not for this coincidence, the face of American Buddhism will have changed forever (Gross, 2005). Buddhism Side by Side Christianity American Buddhism clearly made its mark in the region being the fourth-largest religion, after Christianity, Judaism and Islam (Lampman, 2006). According to Dr. Seager, a professor of religious studies in Hamilton College, immigrants from Asia may have accounted for 67% of the total and the converts around one-third. Christianity being the number one religion practiced in the United States can be set in a comparative study between Buddhism to further illustrate what sets the two apart and how the two are so different (Zukeran, 1994). Here is a brief review of these two religions. As much of the Buddhist scriptures, Lotus Sutra for instance, were written hundreds of years after the death of Gautama, the factor of accuracy is questioned. In Christianity, however, the Bible is made of human testaments, of eyewitnesses surrounding the life of Jesus and the events taking place then (Zukeran, 1994). The concept of â€Å"God† also differs between the two religions. Buddhists claims that the Absolute does not play a vital role in their everyday living, unlike for Christians, where God is the central of the universe – omnipotent and omniscient. The Christian God is a personal god (Zukeran, 1994). It was also made clear that Buddha is not deity. Jesus, on the other hand, claimed to be God, the Saviour of mankind. Although various sects in general sees Buddha as having a status of god, Buddha clearly and solely sees himself as the way-shower of Nirvana (Zukeran, 1994). The final distinction that can be illustrated further here is the concept of the final destination – where does one religion aim to go to? Buddhism does not aim for salvation or life after death as with Christianity. After the resurrection of Jesus Christ, Christians no longer fear death as they themselves have witnessed that their God did conquered the grave. Buddhists hope to enter the state of Nirvana, despite its unclear description of what it really is (Zukeran, 1994). Intensification of Buddhism in the United States Finally, Buddhism has definitely proven its firm foundation in the Western culture when the variety of Buddhist groups started establishing institutions of higher learning in America. (Wikipedia, 2007). Naropa University was the first four-year Buddhist College in the U. S, founded by Chogyam Trungpa. It is a fully accredited institution which offers degrees not necessarily or not directly related to Buddhism. His Lai University is also another Buddhist university. There is also the Dharma Realm Buddhist University which is a four-year college university offering mainly subjects into Buddhism, but also including generalized ones. BCA runs its own Institute of Buddhist Studies in California which offers a seminary-type of Buddhist Studies (Wikipedia, 2007). The contemplative practice of Buddhism infiltrated successfully that of the United States. The Buddhist experience continuously challenges its practitioners and adherents to cope with the cultural demands and social implications, at the same time, to reap and share the merits of this religion. It goes on further, as the sphere of influence of Buddhism in the United States is still in-progress. References James Browning. (2007). Buddhism in the United States. Retrieved from www. ethicsdaily. com Jan Hai. (2006). Spread of Buddhism. Retrieved from www. bjreview. com Jane Lampman. (2006). American Buddhism on the Rise. The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved from www. csmonitor. com Pat Zukeran. (1994). Buddhism. Retrieved from www. leaderu. com Rita M. Gross. (2005). How American Women Are Changing Buddhism. Retrieved from www. shambhalasun. com Ven. Mahinda Deegalle. (2004). Buddhist Experience in North America. Retrieved from www. uri. org Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (2007). Buddhism in the United States. Retrieved from www. wikipedia. org Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (2006). Buddhism in the United States. Retrieved from www. wikipedia. org Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (2006). Timeline of Buddhism. Retrieved from www. wikipedia. org How to cite Buddhism in the United States, Papers

Leadership of Air New Zealand for Intelligence-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theLeadership of Air New Zealand for Cultural Intelligence. Answer: Introduction Air New Zealand Limited acts as the flag carrier airline in relation to New Zealand. It is based within Auckland and it operates passenger flights to that of 20 domestic along with 31 international destinations. It is operative in 19 countries around that of the Pacific Rim along with that of the United Kingdom. It originated in the year 1940 as that of Tasman Empire Airways Limited and it operates trans-Tasman flights between that of New Zealand along with that of Australia. The report throws light on the strength, weakness, opportunity and threats pertaining to the organization. It analyses how the organization uses the creative potential in relation to the people. It also throws light on the role that is played by leadership that helps in the creation of a corporate culture that respects the cultural differences. The report evaluates my findings against that of the theories along with principles. Outline of Air New Zealand Air New Zealand started in the year 1940 as that of Tasman Empire Airways Limited. It operates trans-Tasman flights between that of New Zealand along with that of Australia. It was later owned by that of New Zealand government. The 2015 financial year showed that Air New Zealand carries around 14.29 million passengers (Airnewzealand.co.nz.,2018). Currently, Air New Zealand is responsible for operating Airbus A320, Boeing 777 and that of Boeing 787 aircraft. Air New Zealand reconfigured that of the domestic operations under that of low-cost business plan of the airlines in the year 2002. The year 2003 saw Air New Zealand adding that of Airbus A320 to the fleet so that it can be used in case of short-haul international flight. In the April of the year 2018, it entered into a partnership with that of Virgin Australia. The primary activity in relation to Air New Zealand is the operation of domestic along with international passenger transport. It also helps in the transportation of the c argo. The vision of that of Air New Zealand is to be the number one within that of the market that can help in the creation of a workplace within which the teams are committed to that of the customers (Kang, 2016). It can help in yielding that of superior industry return. Their principle aim is of building competitive advantage in relation to the businesses with the help of the aspect of innovation. Air New Zealand flies to that of 21 airports across that of New Zealand. In the year 2018, a significant part in relation to growth will be that of expansion in different regions. The challenges that are faced by Air New Zealand are in relation to that of the engines that have compelled Air New Zealand in grounding some of the international flights. The engine abnormality is the main challenge in relation to Air New Zealand as the engines often require maintenance. The annual earnings in relation to Air New Zealand will fall 21 % within that of the competitive market. Air New Zealand is facing unprecedented competition from the largest airlines in relation to the world and this creates a challenge in relation to the airlines. Significant increase in relation to industry capacity has led to the reduction in relation to earnings of Air New Zealand. The passenger revenue of that of Air New Zealand decreased by that of $ 105 million to that of $4.4 billion. Apart from that of the effect of foreign exchange the revenue of the passengers decreased by that of 0.5 percent. SWOT Analysis of the strategic position and capabilities Strength- Air New Zealand is able to attain competitive advantage in the field of inbound operations by maintaining good relationship with that of the suppliers. It helps them in gaining access to that of the latest technology. The online booking system, security services along with that of high quality in relation to check-in are the major sources of strength in relation to Air New Zealand. The implementation of high digital technologies in different business processes helps in enhancing that of the operational efficiency. It makes use of that of environment friendly fuel that can minimize the air pollution. Weakness- Destinations that are served by that of Air New Zealand are lesser as compared to that of other international airlines. Opportunities- It gets large amount of support from that of the government that helps in fostering the growth of that of the airlines. Air New Zealand expand the operations to that of newer international destinations in the future with the help of huge amount of that of governmental support. Marketing strategy pertaining to the airlines helps in the attraction of a large customer base. Threats- The increase in that of the prices of fuel can pose a threat to that of Air New Zealand. Increase pertaining to competition from that of international market by that of major firms poses to be a threat for that of Air New Zealand. Method used by the organization of tapping into the creative potential of the people Creativity Training Culture pertaining to creativity is fostered within that of Air New Zealand. Air New Zealand lays emphasis on developing the creative mind set within that of the people that can help in the growth of the organization. People have a tendency of underestimating the ability of being creative and Air New Zealand takes due care to change this. Creativity can be imbibed within an individual and creativity training proves to be of great help in helping the employees of Air New Zealand (Della Rocca Butera, 2017) Inspirational talks and lectures Inspirational talks greatly help the employees of Air New Zealand and it helps in unravelling their creative potential. Air New Zealand reveals the corporate vision to that of the employees that can help in the process of motivation in relation to the workers. Power pertaining to story telling is made use of by the organization that can assist in the motivation of that of internal employees. The employees are being rallied around that of the common purpose. Air New Zealand communicates the mission that everyone in Air New Zealand from that of executive, pilots to that of the employees work in the pursuit of a common purpose. Creation of an open market Air New Zealand will waste talent if the best people are prevented from that of participation in the more risky projects. People should be provided with the opportunity to engage themselves in the innovative project that will enable them to utilise their creative potential. Employees have a tendency of fearing that a new idea will cost them their job. The managers of New Zealand communicates about the innovative projects to the people that will help the employees to use their creative talent (Brook, 2016). The great talent are allowed to find the projects that are great that can be of great benefit for that of the organization. Allow that of low-risk experiments Risk of trying out the ideas that are unconventional can prove to be very high. Air New Zealand makes small bets on that of low-risk tests. Air New Zealand adopts that of lean start-up approach that helps them in nurturing the creative talent in relation to the business. The low-risk experiments helps the employees to make use of their creative ideas without a great amount of fear (Pot, Totterdill Dhondt, 2016) They will utilise their full potential in relation to the experiment and it can later on help them in undertaking big risks. Encouraging divergent thinking The divergent thinking can be of great benefit for the organization. Air New Zealand provides opportunity to the employees to express their ideas that indirectly helps them in freely expressing their opinions. The employees of Air New Zealand can be empowered if they are allowed to exhibit their ideas freely. The divergent thing can bring profit pertaining to the organization. Role of leadership in fostering innovation Innovation along with creativity are of great importance for the organization in the present age. Innovation is a strategy that can be made use of by Air Zealand for improving the organisational effectiveness. Leaders play a vital role for fostering creativity within that of the organization. Learning Organization is indicative of a company that can facilitate learning in relation to its members and thus aims at transforming itself. Learning organizations are developed on account of the pressures that are faced by that of the modern organization (Bunea, Dinu Popescu, 2016). It helps the organization in staying competitive within that of the business market. The learning organization lays stress on the arena of that of acquiring along with transferring of that of knowledge. The leadership of Air New Zealand should gain new knowledge in order to stay relevant in the competitive market of the present age. The leader being imbibed with the new ideas will be able to transfer the ideas to that of the employees that will be of great benefit for the organization. These ideas of the leader can act as the trigger in relation to organizational improvement. The learning organization lays emphasis on the aspect of systematic problem solving. The leader of Air New Zealand encourages scientific method in relation to the organization as compared to that of guess work for the diagnosis of the problems (Merzenich, 2017). The leader insists on that of data as compared to that of assumptions for the purpose of decision making. The training programs pertaining to Air New Zealand focuses on the arena of problem solving. The leaders make use of practical examples along with that of exercises for inducing creativity along with innovation in the employees. The leader of Air New Zealand trains the employees to be disciplined in relation to the thinking and paying attention to the minute details can help in the progress of the organization. The leaders encourages the employees to ask regarding how one is able to understand that a particular situation is true if any kind of real learning should take place. The leaders of Air New Zealand compels the employees to push beyond that of the obvious symptoms that can help in assessing the underlying causes. The leaders provide the employees with the tools in relation to four areas: generation of ideas (brainstorming), reaching the consensus (rating forms), analysing (force-field analysis) and that of planning of actions (flow charts) (Klinge, 2015). The employees practice the tools during the course of the training session and it can help Air New Zealand in adopting a common approach to that of problem solving. The management of Air New Zealand treats all the employees with respect that helps in the development pertaining to the organization. The leadership helps in weaving diversity within the fabric of that of organisational culture (Raithel, 2016). More strength can be gained when the leadership in an organization accepts people having differences. Evaluation of findings against theory The transactional leadership theory is characterized by that of transaction in between the leader and that of the follower. This theory helps in valuing positive relationship that is mutually beneficial. The transactional leadership in Air New Zealand can lay emphasis on developing of a mutual reinforcing environment that can help in assuring that the individual along with that of the goals of the organization are aligned to each other. Human beings in general want to maximise the pleasurable experiences and they want to diminish the experiences that are not pleasurable (Koch et al., 2016) The leaders of Air New Zealand adopt the strategies of the learning organization that can greatly benefits the employees of Air New Zealand. Learning can help an organization to modify itself and the leaders of Air New Zealand lays emphasis on this aspect for the up gradation of the workforce (Ang Van Dyne, 2015). The modern organizations are in constant pressure to bring about improvements so tha t they can survive within that of the competitive market. The leadership of Air New Zealand imparts creativity training to that of the employees that can help the employees in staying updated. The employees of that of Air New Zealand undertake computer-based training that askes the staff regarding the manner of their handling customer-service problem. The employees of Air New Zealand take part in that of role-playing exercises that helps in solving issues related to that of customer service. They later on discuss the reason why the scenario was handled in that particular manner. The training helps the employees of showing the right kind of body language and how to speak in a manner that is positive. Organizational diversity is indicative of the differences in relation to personal traits within an organisation like that of age, gender, ethnic origin and that of marital status. Pro-active planning can help in the optimization of benefits in relation to the organization (Romager et al., 2017). Emotional intelligence is laid stress during the c ourse of the training that can help the employees in the arena of diversity management. The methods pertaining to innovation that are adopted within that of Air New Zealand prove to be of great benefit for the development of the organization. The inspirational talks are delivered by the leaders of Air New Zealand and it greatly helps the employees in showing their creative skills (Certo, 2018). Story telling is made use of by the management of Air New Zealand that greatly helps the employees in getting inspiration from that the leaders of the organization (McCleskey, 2014) The leaders of Air New Zealand with the help of their story telling communicates to the employees about the importance that organizational diversity can bring to the organization. This can help to a great extent in dealing with people coming from different cultural backgrounds within that of the organization. The employees of Air New Zealand knowing about the objectives in relation to the organization can provide them with useful help in attaining the objectives. The talented people should be encouraged to participate within that of risky projects that can help in sharpening their skills (Breevaart et al., 2014). The employees of Air New Zealand being encouraged by the top management to participate within that of the projects that are risky can help them in revealing their creative potential and utilize their skills to the utmost level. The adoption of lean start-up approach can greatly help the employees of that of Air New Zealand (Deichmann Stam, 2015) Transactional theory focusses on interaction between the leaders and the employees for the greater benefit of the organization and the leadership of Air New Zealand should be able to convey the unique ideas with the help of this theory being applied in the organization. The leader listens to the viewpoints of the employees and encouragement of that of divergent thinking proves to be a boon for that of Air New Zealand. A team is composed of a number of individuals (Birasnav, 2014). The members of the team help each other and it makes them work towards that of the common goal irrespective of the cultural differences that pervades the organisational culture. The leadership of Air New Zealand promotes the simple values that has an impact on the environment of the organisation.The divergent thinking can pave the way for development of the organization. The divergent thinking helps in respecting the viewpoints of people coming from different cultural backgrounds thus helping in deriving profits of the organization. The transactional leader motivates the followers by appealing to that of their own interest. Transactional leaders have great amount of formal authority and they feel greatly responsible for that of the organization (Xenikou, 2017). The leaders of Air New Zealand motivates the employees with the help of rewards along with that of punishment. Exchange takes place between the leader and that of the follower pertaining to Air New Zealand which help the employees in achieving that of the performance goals. The transactional leaders of Air New Zealand link the objective of the organization to that of the rewards. The leaders provide t he necessary resources to that of the employees that can help in supporting the successful performance. The leader of Air New Zealand monitors the work in relation to the subordinates that greatly helps the organization. Conclusion: Creativity is fostered in the organisational culture in relation to Air New Zealand. Creative mindset of employees are nurtured by that of Air New Zealand for the development of the organization. Inspirational talks greatly benefit the employees and the employees can reveal the creative potential in the organization. The talented employees of Air New Zealand are allowed to take part in the risky endeavours that bolsters them to contribute for the success of the organization. The employees of Air New Zealand should do innovative tasks that will help the employees to utilise their hidden potential. Low-risk projects can be done by the employees that can help them in deriving courage in relation to the innovative tasks. The employees of Air New Zealand can freely express their opinions that motivates them and makes them feel as if they are an integral part in relation to the organization. This helps in respecting the cultural differences that exist within that of the organization and pr omotes organisational unity. The leaders of Air New Zealand use the practical examples that can induce creativity in the workers. Disciplined thinking is encouraged by the transactional leadership in relation to Air New Zealand and the minute details are attended to by the leader of the company. The interaction of the leader and the subordinates in Air New Zealand helps in benefitting the organization and conveying of key ideas by the management can help in growth of the organization. Transactional leaders in relation to Air New Zealand can align the objective with that of the rewards that can cause to be a reason for success for the organization. Leaders of Air New Zealand provide the necessary resources to that of the employees that can give rise to effective performance of the employees. Recommendations Managing stress by the employees Worksheets along with hand out should be facilitated in the organisational culture that can help in the application of ideas within that of the work environment Imparting communication skills by the top management The employees should be given control in relation to their work that can provide motivation to the employees of Air New Zealand. Limitations There were certain problems that I faced that had an impact on my investigation. On the occasion of working for Air New Zealand I was able to gather significant data that helped in throwing light in relation to different aspects of the organization. There are many leaders within the organization and the principles and styles in relation to each leader is different. The dearth of a uniform leadership style can act as a hindrance in relation to the research. The employees were biased towards that of the leaders that acted as a reason for the limitations in relation to the findings. The deductions that were made by me are true for the present time but it may prove to be inappropriate for that of the future. References: Airnewzealand.co.nz | 2018 Airline of the Year. (2018).Airnewzealand.co.nz. Retrieved 28 April 2018, from https://www.airnewzealand.co.nz/ Ang, S., Van Dyne, L. (2015).Handbook of cultural intelligence. Routledge. Birasnav, M. (2014). Knowledge management and organizational performance in the service industry: The role of transformational leadership beyond the effects of transactional leadership.Journal of Business Research,67(8), 1622-1629. Breevaart, K., Bakker, A., Hetland, J., Demerouti, E., Olsen, O. K., Espevik, R. (2014). Daily transactional and transformational leadership and daily employee engagement.Journal of occupational and organizational psychology,87(1), 138-157. Brook, J. W. (2016). Transforming industrial RD into an entrepreneurial organisation: implications of organisational design on enabling innovation.International Journal of Organisational Design and Engineering,4(3-4), 213-237. Bunea, A., Dinu, G., Popescu, D. M. (2016). Organizational Learning versus the Learning OrganizationEmerging Concepts Enhancing the Leadership Role.Valahian Journal of Economic Studies,7(4), 57. Certo, S. C. (2018).Supervision: Concepts and skill-building. McGraw-Hill Education. Deichmann, D., Stam, D. (2015). Leveraging transformational and transactional leadership to cultivate the generation of organization-focused ideas.The Leadership Quarterly,26(2), 204-219. Della Rocca, G., Butera, F. (2017). Technological Innovation, Organisation of Work, and Unions. InTechnological Change, Rationalisation and Industrial Relations(pp. 15-34). Routledge. Kang, S. W. (2016). Knowledge withholding: psychological hindrance to the innovation diffusion within an organisation.Knowledge Management Research Practice,14(1), 144-149. Klinge, C. M. (2015). A conceptual framework for mentoring in a learning organization.Adult learning,26(4), 160-166. Koch, P. T., Koch, B., Menon, T., Shenkar, O. (2016). Cultural friction in leadership beliefs and foreign-invested enterprise survival.Journal of International Business Studies,47(4), 453-470. McCleskey, J. A. (2014). Situational, transformational, and transactional leadership and leadership development.Journal of Business Studies Quarterly,5(4), 117. Merzenich, M. (2017). Plasticity-based training: building the ultimate learning organization.Development and Learning in Organizations: An International Journal,31(6), 4-6. Pot, F., Totterdill, P., Dhondt, S. (2016). Workplace innovation: European policy and theoretical foundation.World Review of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development,12(1), 13-32. Raithel, K. (2016). Leadership of Cultural Diversity. Romager, J., Hughes, K., Trimble, J., Verburg, M., Camp, J., Jones, M. (2017). Influences of Authentic Leadership Styles and Challenges to Enduring Pervasive Leadership Models. Xenikou, A. (2017). Transformational leadership, transactional contingent reward, and organizational identification: The mediating effect of perceived innovation and goal culture orientations.Frontiers in psychology,8.

Will To Power By Friedrich Nietzsche Essays (1314 words)

Will To Power By Friedrich Nietzsche The existential philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche believed that humanity nedded to be overcome. He viewed humans as weak creatures and slaves to the Christian religion. In The Will to Power, Nietzsche asserts the poer of the overman-- a creature beyond Christian good and evil-- to replace the passive man. To understand the book, it is first necessary to understand what Nietzsche means by 'The Will to Power'. Denneson describes this as a 'psychological presupposition' which assumes "that humans are always attempting to inflict their wills upon others" (Denneson, 1). When considering the use of the term 'ubermensch' or 'overman' in this work, it is also necessary to understand exactly what Nietzsche means by this term. This is seen by many as the way in which he refers to a 'superhuman'. In the past, many comparisons wre made between Nietzsche's overman and the Nazi idea of the superior race. However, this has been re-evaluated by many scholars, and the comparison is no longer seen in the same light. The overman is seen as the next step up from normal humans; this creature could even be interpreted as the next step up the evolutionary ladder. The overman is not isolated to just this work; we see Nietzsche talk about this creature in other works such as Thus Spoke Zarathustra and The Antichrist. The idea is not new, but at best, it is still controversial (Cross, 1). The Will to Power, which results from these two books, contains various metaphors and generalizations which display contradictions and tensions (Harman, 2). The philosophies which underlie all of Nietzsche's writing are themselves contradictory; they both celebrate and embrace the humanity of man, whilst holding it in contempt and insulting it at the same time (Cross, 7). The concept oof the overman appears to be a contradiction in itself, reflecting the views that Nietzsche himself expresses about the human condition. The creature is dichotomy, seeing himself as superior and a master of his environment, but simultaneously he hates his human self, seeing his weaknesses and flaws. In this manner of representation, one must question if this creature could ever become a reality. Cross argues that the overmanis a contradiction in terms of existence which cannot be resolved due to the constraints which Nietzsche applies to this hypothetical creature. Cross states, "this creature can only succeed in negating himself, and, in essence, can never truly exist at all." Nietzsche has the view that mankind as it exists is a disease of a 'sickness' which is destroying itself, reflecting the porr nature of a modern man and his lack of pro-activism, being seen as a purely passive creature unalbe to rebel and define his life. Nietzsche further argues that the passive reaction of the occurrences in society are the result of the Christian religion (Cross, 2). Nietzche's view of man's 'sickness' reveals itself very strongly in The Antichrist, but The Will to Power also displays his view. This book reflects Nietzsche's belief that all creatures, whatever they are, have a requirement and a need to follow commands of some sort. The freedom of the overman is that the individual despises what he is and has been, and in this is able to learn to command himself. However, this is a difficult and self-destructive process. The perception of the comand over power is an interesting one; it is not the straight forward meaning of control over others, but also the control over one's self. In The Will to Power, Nietzsche sees those who look to improve themselves as looking to the 'will to truth'. However, he argues that in doing this, they are not really seeking new values, but that htey are trying to find a way of bringing all men under the same code of understanding. In effect, they are bringing them all further to the weaknesses for which he blames Christianity. Nietzsche says he believes that a man who acts out of laziness, or does not act for the same reason is bad, and this passive stance allows the weaknesses of society to become more entrenched and accepted, this becoming of a self-fulfilling prophecy-- the more it happens, the more it will cause its continuation. The passive man does not display obedience to himself, but to society. The overman is obedient to himself, arguably hte hardest type of obedience. Therefore, the will to power is the power to set one's own values and one's own goals. The power is therefore not any type of physical brute force, but a strong and enduring