Svenska Handelsbanken Case Analysis free essay sample

Client direction (Christian, to give live model) Autonomy (elaine, to give live model from her own organization to help this point). 3. What does this enlighten us regarding the key hotspots for accomplishment of ANY decentralized business? strengthening/independence (control obligation down to branch) encourage the opposition among decentralized units. use KPI to intently screen the presentation of decentralized units. Mutual incentive among all branches. precise help from head office for all units. ( ) 4. What are the difficulties that Lars Kahnlund faces in this specific association, in his endeavors to drive change and quicken development? alance the way of life of self-governance and order approach. =gt; branch has solid inspiration to control its own item and administration. =gt; from viewpoint of whole organization, new serious items might be likewise required. extremely difficult to control the decentralized unit, in light of the fact that there are such a significant number of branches out there and structure is so level. how might he get his methodology executed adequately and proficiently ? how might we maintain them in control ? too many culture in various regions, so he needs to take care culture clashes. We will compose a custom paper test on Svenska Handelsbanken Case Analysis or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page opposition from representatives is normal. (expound on this later, including the perservative culture)

John Cheever: The Five-Forty- Eight | Analysis

John Cheever: The Five-Forty-Eight | Analysis John Cheevers The Five-Forty-Eight investigates how activities have results through his depiction of the character Blake. Blake is presented in the story as a cutthroat, narrow minded, and indecent man who is the casualty of a following by a clearly disturbed lady. While wedded he has had a single night rendezvous with Miss Dent, his secretary, and afterward he had her terminated. He accepted that Her reserve, the sentiment of hardship in her perspective, vowed to shield him from results (Cheever 319). Lamentably for him, Miss Dent is intellectually disabled. In this way, she looks for vengeance by following him and afterward holding him at weapon point on a train close to his home. Through the character Blake, Cheever utilizes incongruity, symbolism, and flashbacks to organize this story so as to show that activities have results, however not all who experience fallout, even negative outcome, change from it. Blake, similar to a predator, searches out frail ladies to extinguish his sexual craving, and he has no enthusiastic connection to any of them. The story shows that he watched Miss Dent for a spell before he chose to utilize her being desolate to his advantage. Harold Blooms outline of the story puts it well; Bloom expresses that He is keen on his secretary on account of the influence that he has over her, since she envisions his life as loaded with kinships, cash, and an enormous and cherishing family and herself has an impossible to miss sentiment of hardship. He has become acclimated to this outrageous way of life since Miss Dent isn't the primary lady to be tempted by him: Most of the numerous ladies he had known had been picked for their absence of self-esteem.(Cheever 319) It isn't astonishing that he submits infidelity since he doesn't esteem his marriage and couldn't care less how it will influence his better half. Through Cheevers utilization of flashbacks, scenes from a characters past that distinguish who the character used to be or some noteworthy foundation data about that character that clarifies why the character is by and by, a peruser can see who Blake truly is. He uncovers Blakes relationship with his significant other through Blakes flashbacks. In this flashback, Blake is hitched to Louise Blake for potentially 8-10 years. Additionally, the peruser is acquainted with Mrs. Compton, Louises neighbor and associate, whom Louise Blake would go to at whatever point she was disturbed by her spouses quarreling. Obviously, he has chosen not to address her for about fourteen days since she didn't fix him dinner one night. In spite of the fact that she cries and argues for pardoning, her tears don't infiltrate his solid heart. Since she is old, it appears as though the main thing that pulled in him was her physical magnificence. He has lost the adoration she accepts he may have had for her from the outset. A nearby, sorrowful, and broken heart isn't essential to Blake. Through flashbacks like the one just referenced, the peruser sees that Blake has not changed on the grounds that his wifes tears are not by any means the only ones he has caused. A past flashback tells the peruser that after the single night rendezvous Blake had with Miss Dent, she was sobbing. He felt excessively placated and warm and sluggish to stress a lot over her tears (Cheever 319). Regardless of Miss Dents crying, most likely in view of the feeling of double-crossing and no future with her darling, Blake stays content. He likewise has annihilated every conceivable companionship with his neighbors and individuals, yet he is as yet fulfilled. Blakes hardhearted mentality is a piece of his non-changing, or static character. In this story, Cheever utilizes situational incongruity to show that Blakes activities have not gone unpunished. Situational incongruity is the point at which the normal result is unique in relation to the genuine result. He does this in a shrewd manner. In the story to dodge Miss Dent, Blake took the neighborhood train The Five-Forty-Eight, where he is sitting in a vehicle alone attempting to stay away from theory or regret of Miss Dent. While sitting, he sees a bit of yellow light in the break of mists that would typically connote opportunity, a place of refuge, or shelter. Notwithstanding, the story doesn't end there. Somebody calls him, and it is Miss Dent. The incongruity is available in that he appears to have effectively sidestepped his stalker however obviously he hasnt and Cheever reveals exactly how enormous of a snare he is in as she sits close to him. Unexpectedly, his neighbors are in a similar train vehicle, yet they sensibly give no consideration to him however he need s their assistance. He is caught with his crazy stalker that obviously needs to kill him from the worldnot to delete him genuinely, yet to change his spirit. Regardless of the furious idea of her allegation, she is very precise in her judgment, if there are fallen angels in this world, if there are individuals in this world who speak to abhorrent, is it our obligation to eliminate them? I realize that you generally go after powerless individuals He feels nothing and she feels too much.(Bloom) Oddly, albeit checked by a firearm, this regularly startling circumstance doesn't bother him. To assist him with understanding her hurt, she lets him know of her harmed life after him. She starts to state how debilitated she has been and that she has had no activity since. At that point she discloses to him that she should execute him and her lone discipline would to be readmitted into the psychological emergency clinic. She makes him read a letter that she was too debilitated to even think about mailing out to him while holding the gun to his midsection. Before long the train shows up at Shady Hill, his stop. Incidentally, the name Shady Hill infers nothingness, and a spot that perusers compare to an overlooked memorial park where nothing changes. This is the spot Blake originates from. Here they get off and Miss Dent drives him to the ground and in the wake of overlooking her voice for the train on the third shout, Kneel down! He jumped on his knees. (Cheever 325) Now no doubt she has shown him a thing or two. Assessment of the content when his surrender uncover why Blake got down on his knees and didn't get away from Miss Dent in any case. Before they leave the train in lines 30-35, Miss Dent intrudes on his break, Dont attempt and getaway me. I have a gun and Ill need to murder you and I dont need to. All I need to do is discussion with you. Dont move or Ill slaughter you. Dont, dont, dont! (Cheever) Then Blakes non-verbal communication shows he has entered endurance mode. The best way to make due at weapon point is to do what the firearm holder needs you to do and that is the thing that he did. At that point after they leave the train and he prostrates himself in lines 60-end, she says, in the event that you do what I state, I wont hurt you Now, he realizes he won't kick the bucket in the event that he does as she says. At that point he understands her thought process I truly dont need to hurt you, I need to support you, however when I see your face is appears to me that I cannot suppor t you on the off chance that I called to show you the correct way, you wouldnt notice me㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦ Put your face in the dirt!(Cheever) She needed to express it twice to cause him to do it. In the middle of that he had the opportunity to consider what he needed to do to cause her to accept that he was a changed man and that her strategic achieved. He realized that what he did next would fulfill her He loosened up on the ground, sobbing. Presently, I feel much improved, she said. At the point when Miss Dent leaves, he fakes to get up watchfully from the start, until he saw by her disposition, her looks, that she had overlooked him; that she had finished what she had needed to do, and that he was sheltered. He got to his feet and got his cap starting from the earliest stage it had fallen and strolled home. These activities show no regret rather, this play he performed so all around satisfied its motivation, self-safeguarding. In The Five-Forty-Eight Blake is presented as a vulnerable survivor of a following by a disturbed lady. John Cheever utilizes enlightening flashbacks, situational incongruity, and smart symbolism to show that activities have results. Blake has deceived and lured his secretary, Miss Dent, whom he had terminated, into having a single night rendezvous with him, while he was hitched. This activity alongside numerous others shows that stinging others is no issue for him. The foundation data shows that he has grown a difficult stone heart and he is a static character. Harold puts it best in his outline But then the weapon is removed, he gets up, and sees that Miss Dent is little, normal, and innocuous. These words, combined with his last demonstration, and long way of life of coldblooded childishness and insensitive maltreatment of others shows the peruser that Blake ascends starting from the earliest stage a similar man. (Blossom) What Is British Humor? What Is British Humor? In mainstream society, British funniness is a to some degree general term applied to specific sorts of satire and comedic acts from the United Kingdom. Numerous UK satire TV shows average of British silliness have gotten mainstream all around the globe, and for positive or negative, have become solid agents of British culture to a worldwide crowd. Likewise, it is communicated through a great deal of books, comic kid's shows, and all the media. The British comical inclination is a capacity to snicker at ourselves as well as other people. It did not depend on a specific conviction or endeavors to put any individual or gathering down, yet simply to watch our very own portion odd propensities and quirks which once featured thusly end up being amusing. It is one of a kind as in non-British individuals won't discover any of it entertaining the first occasion when they hear it. It is dry, it is wry, and once in a while dull and ghastly. Feelings are frequently not appeared, and from the start sight, the majority of the funniness is shrouded somewhere down in the messages of the individuals communicating it. English amusingness has helped the remainder of the world to comprehend British individuals, and to become acquainted with them better, and it is one of the most unmistakable components of the British culture. What are the topics of British diversion? A solid subject of mockery and self-censure, regularly with vacant conveyance, runs all through British funniness. Feeling is frequently covered under silliness in a manner that appears to be coldhearted toward different societies. Jokes are told about everything and practically no subject is no-no, however frequently an absence of nuance while examining questionable issues is viewed as uncouth. Numerous UK satire TV shows run of the mill of British funniness have been globally well known

Free Essays on History Of The Kimono

A History of the Kimono The kimono is a conventional garment worn by the Japanese for a considerable length of time. What many may not understand is that the Kimono is in excess of a practical or even beautifying sort of article of clothing. It goes past the undeniable to a work of art, just as Japan’s national outfit. As indicated by Takayoshi Mizushima, the executive of the Cultural Foundation for Promoting the National Costume of Japan and the leader of Hakubi Kyoto Kimono Schools, Japanese individuals in their regular day to day existence built up the specialty of kimono, which has a rich history that advanced through numerous centuries.† Kimono, the word truly makes an interpretation of to â€Å"things to wear† and truly it was utilized when for the most part portraying dress. The term has since developed into importance the customary attire of the Japanese individuals. There are various sorts of kimono, every one of them intended for explicit purposes. A portion of the deciding variables in the kind of kimono that ought to be worn on a specific day are: the person’s age, the season, or the sort of occasion that one will join in. The Heian Period (794-1185) of Japan is the point at which the kimono previously got mainstream. The detailed layers of kimono robe originally pulled in the consideration of ladies during that time. It has been said that people of the illustrious court wore up to 16 layers of robes. During the Kamakura time frame, not long after the Heian time frame, individuals before long became upset with the intricacy of the layered long sleeve of the kimono and saw no requirement for it any longer. Out of this built up the little sleeved kimono, or the kosode kimono. During the Edo time frame in 1615, individuals started to characterize their status with the kimono. During this time the best imaginative achievements were made. In the mid 1800’s the U.S. Naval force cruised to Japan, presenting western idea, dress, and culture. With their appearance they likewise opened up Japan to western business industry. While the Japanese kept on wearing the kimo... Free Essays on History Of The Kimono Free Essays on History Of The Kimono A History of the Kimono The kimono is a customary garment worn by the Japanese for a considerable length of time. What many may not understand is that the Kimono is in excess of a practical or even enriching sort of article of clothing. It goes past the undeniable to a work of art, just as Japan’s national ensemble. As indicated by Takayoshi Mizushima, the director of the Cultural Foundation for Promoting the National Costume of Japan and the leader of Hakubi Kyoto Kimono Schools, Japanese individuals in their regular day to day existence built up the specialty of kimono, which has a rich history that advanced through numerous centuries.† Kimono, the word actually makes an interpretation of to â€Å"things to wear† and verifiably it was utilized when for the most part portraying attire. The term has since developed into significance the customary clothing of the Japanese individuals. There are a wide range of kinds of kimono, every one of them intended for explicit purposes. A portion of the deciding variables in the sort of kimono that ought to be worn on a specific day are: the person’s age, the season, or the kind of occasion that one will join in. The Heian Period (794-1185) of Japan is the point at which the kimono initially got famous. The detailed layers of kimono robe originally pulled in the consideration of ladies during that time. It has been said that people of the imperial court wore up to 16 layers of robes. During the Kamakura time frame, not long after the Heian time frame, individuals before long became annoyed with the extravagance of the layered long sleeve of the kimono and saw no requirement for it any longer. Out of this built up the little sleeved kimono, or the kosode kimono. During the Edo time frame in 1615, individuals started to characterize their status with the kimono. During this time the best imaginative achievements were made. In the mid 1800’s the U.S. Naval force cruised to Japan, presenting western idea, dress, and culture. With their appearance they likewise opened up Japan to western business industry. While the Japanese kept on wearing the kimo...

Research paper about Pitney Bowes Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

About Pitney Bowes - Research Paper Example As a pioneer in the arrangement of programming and equipment capacities identifying with data, the association faces the need to initiate as good as ever methods of activities so as to understand its targets. The authoritative advancement plan, thusly, tries to reveal insight into the absolute most basic zones of activity notwithstanding offering the new methodologies that ought to be embraced by the association so as to understand these changes. Presentation and extent of the arrangement The significant motivation behind this hierarchical advancement plan is to realize change and change at Pitney Bowes and improve the exhibition of the association in the different segments, as spelled in this arrangement. In particular, the arrangement tries to empower the association to understand its targets as explained in the key arrangement, accomplish its vision and to change the general execution of the association towards the better. With regards to overseeing sends, the organization tries t o alter the business, as it has consistently done. All the more significantly, the arrangement looks to guarantee that the association satisfies its statement of purpose of conveying investor and client esteem through the arrangement of value benefits in the market. Basically, this is an archive outfitted towards controlling the advancement of the association taking thought of the way that the current business condition has gotten practically questionable and, thus, associations should consistently endeavor to accomplish and convey the best in the market (Pederson, 2010). The arrangement will additionally screen the acknowledgment of these objectives through a methodical procedure that connections up to the very desires for the customers and different partners of the association. The arrangement is moored on the Pitney Bowes hierarchical culture which weights on the strengthening of staff and building the certainty of the organization’s clients dissipated over the world (Lust erman, 2001). It s imperative to understand that any unmistakable authoritative achievement must be acknowledged whether the systems and goals of the association are explained well and comprehended by all partners. Everyone ought to be in the ability to plainly comprehend their obligations and jobs towards the general improvement of the association. Foundation Pitney Bowes has consistently sought after a scope of exercises equipped towards the improvement of the association since its arrangement (2006). Quite a bit of these progressions have consistently spun around the foundation of a legitimate authoritative structure that can guarantee simple administration and dynamic. Moreover, globalization and the new choices achieved by innovation have constrained the association to profoundly change its tasks so as to conform to these requests of time. This is acknowledged in the territories of research, advancement and innovation where tremendous ventures have been made in the ongoing past so as to improve tasks and encourage worldwide activities. For sure, the association improvement plan presents a decent reason for the association to successfully facilitate its activities and deal with its expanding issues over the world. The idea of hierarchical advancement is not, at this point a regular issue in the business world. It requires legitimate techniques and adequate asset allotments so as to succeed. Pitney Bowes has consistently been a main supplier of administrations and items in correspondence over

Sociological Concepts In Understanding Obesity

Sociological Concepts In Understanding Obesity This article will take a gander at sociological ideas and worries that can help in understanding why heftiness is a general medical issue. I will start by giving a meaning of heftiness, and afterward address the general wellbeing worries of corpulence comparable to sociological ideas, for example, financial status, ethnicity and shame. I will make reference to stoutness wellbeing imbalances all through this paper. Pertinent contemporary writing and strategies will be utilized to help my contentions. Foundation Heftiness is characterized as exorbitant fat amassing that may hinder wellbeing world Health Organization (WHO). Weight record (BMI) is a proportion of weight-for-tallness that is regularly utilized in arranging heftiness in people. It is characterized as the weight in kilograms partitioned by the square of the tallness in meters (kg/m2). BMI gives the most valuable populace level proportion of weight as it is the equivalent for both genders and for all times of grown-ups (Doak et al 2002). In real figures the World Health Organization (WHO) characterizes overweight as a BMI equivalent to or more than 25, and corpulence as a BMI equivalent to or more than 30. These cut-off focuses give a benchmark to singular evaluation, yet there is proof that danger of constant illness in the populaces increments logically from a BMI of 21. Ellaway et al (2005) contends anyway that (BMI) ought to be considered as a harsh guide since it may not relate to a similar degree in various people. In 2004, the normal weight record (BMI) of people in the United Kingdom was 27kg/mâ ², which is outside the World Health Organization suggested sound scope of 18.5-25kg/m2 (Lobstein Jackson-Leach 2007). A more noteworthy extent of men than ladies (42% contrasted and 32%) in England were named overweight in 2008 (BMI 25 to under 30kg/m2). Thirty-nine percent of grown-ups had a brought midsection periphery up in 2008 contrasted with 23% in 1993. Ladies were almost certain than men (44% and 34% separately) to have a raised midriff circuit (over 88cm for ladies and more than 102 cm for men) (Department of Health, 2008). A few government reports have stressed the way that heftiness is a significant general medical issue because of its relationship with genuine incessant ailments, for example, type 2 diabetes, hypertension elevated levels of fats in the blood that can prompt narrowing and blockages of veins, which are on the whole significant hazard factors for cardiovascular ailment and cardiovascular related mortality in England and Wales (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), 2006). Over weight people experience the ill effects of various issues, for example, an expanded mileage on joints and the mental and social troubles brought about by modified self-perception and shame, for example, wretchedness which thus builds the wellbeing weight of the National Health Service (NHS) Graham (2004). The expansion in quantities of large individuals implies that the populace is at a higher danger of experiencing co-morbidities because of their weight gain. Numerous essayists have made a connection between individuals with high BMI and wellbeing for example, individuals with high BMI are probably going to experience the ill effects of hypertension and twice as liable to experience the ill effects of type-two diabetes and corpulence contrasted with individuals without hypertension, and half are insulin-safe (Lobstein Jackson-Leach 2007). One can consequently induce that weight is connected with expanded mortality and adds to a wide scope of conditions, including ischaemic coronary illness, hypertension, stroke, certain malignant growths, and nerve bladder maladies. Danger of infection develops with expanding BMI and is especially set apart at high BMI (Ellaway et al 1997). Thusly this is a general wellbeing concern on the grounds that in financial terms, a bringing down of the paces of CVD, malignant growth and strokes would bring about huge decreases in the sum spent on medications and social consideration required to deal with these ailments and their belongings (Ellaway et al 1997). Financial Status and Obesity Financial disparity in stoutness is characterized as contrasts in the pervasiveness of corpulence between individuals of higher and lower financial status (Mackenbach and Kunst 1994). An enormous group of proof proposes that financial contrasts in weight exist all through the world Sobal and Stunkard (1989). These discoveries recommend that the expansion in imbalance in pay as of late saw in numerous nations including Bulgaria, Poland, Romania and the Russia might be related with an increment in the weight of heftiness. Midtown Manhattan Study was one of the first to feature financial contrasts in weight; it found that heftiness was multiple times increasingly predominant among ladies of lower financial status than those of higher financial status (Mackenbach and Kunst 1994). James et al (1997) found that individuals in high financial status in the United Kingdom, have a decreased danger of heftiness contrasted with those with low financial status. Financial status and heftiness is a general wellbeing concern in light of the fact that among youngsters and grown-ups in high-salary nations, for example, the United Kingdom, lower training level and financial status have been related with various markers of horrible eating routine possibly connected with weight, including lower utilization of new leafy foods and higher admission of sugar, fat and meat (Northstone and Emmett 2005). Mulvihill (2003) attests that populace bunches dietary decisions of are frequently identified with financial contemplations. McKee and Raine (2005) recommend that main considerations affecting food decisions incorporate reasonableness, openness, accessibility, engaging quality, fittingness and common sense. This sounds good to me in that individuals of low financial status are probably going to be large on the grounds that for them they can't generally bear to purchase new foods grown from the ground rec center participation as this is costly. A few defen ders have gone the extent that truism that the poor don't eat what they need, or what they realize they ought to eat, yet what they can manage (Wardle and Griffith 2001). One could construe that the expense of food is one obstruction to receiving more advantageous weight control plans, particularly among low-pay family units. Studies have proposed that high vitality food which are typically healthfully poor due to high measures of included sugar and fat are generally less expensive expense than lean meat, fish, new vegetables and natural product (Doak et al 2002). On the opposite side of the coin hypothetically one can contend that it not just eating regimen and wellbeing and moderateness of food that makes individuals hefty, for example for contention purpose one couldn't bear to purchase solid food yet can practice take up a movement to keep themselves fit. The truth anyway is that individuals low financial status are probably going to be in low salary business where they are probably going to work extended periods of time in extra time and have brief period with their families or for relaxation exercises (Scambler 2008) This is predictable with McKee and Raine (2005) finding that people from low financial status settle on close to home different decisions over eating regimen, physical movement and other wellbeing advancing activity, practically speaking all activities occur in setting hindered people face basic, social, authoritative, monetary and different requirements in settling on sound decisions. Also McLaren and Godley (2008) saw that men in stationary employments albeit one would expect that nature of these employments that drives the bigger normal body size (because of absence of occupation-based physical action) existing writing would show that they are still almost certain than their lower status partners to take part in physical movement in their recreation time. Other sociological concerns in regards to financial status is whether they are any varieties in how people with various financial status see corpulence or overweight. For example, investigations from the Office of National Statistics (ONS) (1999) review demonstrated that numerous respondents with lower financial status would in general have lower levels of apparent overweight, along these lines people screen their weight less intently, were more averse to be attempting to shed pounds and less habitually utilized prohibitive dietary practices than those with higher financial status, subsequent to altering for sex, age and BMI. Wardle and Griffith (2001) found that, ladies living in profoundly rich neighborhoods were bound to be disappointed with their weight than ladies from denied neighborhoods. Ladies, especially those in distraught circumstances, face auxiliary, social, hierarchical, budgetary and different limitations in settling on sound decisions. Besides less fortunate neighbor hoods give less open door structures to wellbeing advancing exercises than progressively wealthy territories (Ellaway et al 1997). These discoveries make it exceptionally hard for expert to conclude how to target wellbeing advancement exercises. Ellaway et al (1997)argues that individuals who low financial status center around the fundamental issues of endurance, regardless of whether these be budgetary including buying food by any stretch of the imagination, not to mention sound sources or social including doing combating the shame of neediness or potentially overweight and all that is identified with it. In my view this recommends it might be conceivable to reason that where somebody lives what financial status they have and the amount they procure can impact their chances to embrace wellbeing advancing exercises which thus may impact body size and shape. General wellbeing approaches which mean to lessen the extent of overweight individuals in the populace ought to be focused in d enied neighborhoods, their offices and civilities, just as at people (Ellaway et al 1997). Weight and ethnicity A lot of disarray encompasses the significance of ethnicity and now and again this term is as yet being Inter-variable with race (Scambler 2007). Ethnicity anyway typifies at least one of the accompanying, shared birthplaces or social foundation; shared culture and customs that are unmistakable, kept up between age

Alcohol and Drug Abuse Spells Trouble for HIV Patients

Alcohol and Drug Abuse Spells Trouble for HIV Patients January 24, 2018 One Risk for Contracting HIV. © Getty Images More in Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery With 31 percent of all HIV cases among men  and 57 percent among women attributed to injection drug use, it is obvious that shooting illegal drugs increases the risk of contracting the AIDS virus. Drinking alcohol can also contribute to the spread and progression of the disease. According to the Health Resources and Services Administration, non-injection drug use can also lead to contracting the HIV virus, because drug users may trade sex for drugs or money or engage in behaviors under the influence that put them at risk. Binge Drinking Risky The same is true for people who drink to excess. People who are intoxicated lose their inhibitions and have their judgment impaired and can easily find themselves involved in behavior that would put them at risk of contracting HIV. National Institute on Drug Abuse research shows that most young people are not concerned about becoming infected with HIV, but they face a very real danger when they engage in risky behaviors such as unprotected sex with multiple partners. Alcohol Increases HIV Susceptibility Risky behavior is not the only way drinking alcohol can increase the risk of becoming infected with HIV. A study by Gregory J. Bagby at the Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center found that alcohol consumption may increase host susceptibility to HIV infection. Bagbys students, who conducted a study with rhesus monkeys infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), found that in the early stages of infection, monkeys who were given alcohol to drink had 64 times the amount of virus in their blood than the control monkeys. Bagby concluded that the alcohol increased infectivity of cells or increased the number of susceptible cells. Virus Progresses Faster For people who have already been infected with HIV, drinking alcohol can also accelerate their HIV disease progression, according to a study by Jeffrey H. Samet at Boston University. The reason for this is both HIV and alcohol suppress the bodys immune system. Samets research found that HIV patients who were receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), and were currently drinking, have greater HIV progression than those who do not drink. They found that HIV patients who drank moderately or at at-risk levels had higher HIV RNA levels and lower CD4 cell counts, compared with those who did not drink. Drinking Affects Medication Adherence Patients with HIV who drink, especially those who drink heavily, or less likely to adhere to their prescribed medication schedule. Both the Samet study and research at the Center for Research on Health Care at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine found that nearly half of their patients who drank heavily reported taking medication off schedule. The researchers said many of the heavy drinkers simply would forget to take their medications. This is potentially a big problem for healthcare providers due to the fact that alcohol dependence in those with HIV run at rates twice as high as the general population.

Walter Huff as the Femme Fatales Mirror - Literature Essay Samples

The novel Double Indemnity by James M. Cain not only shows us Walter Huff’s maliciousness and willingness but also his weaknesses and his frailty. These characteristics of his can be seen in his corporal movements and the lack of control he has over them. This flimsiness comes thanks to two powerful women in the novel: Phyllis and Lola. From the very beginning of Huff’s encounters with them, we can see his weakness and frailness surge, grow, and consume him. In very similar ways, both Phyllis and Lola’s power is reflected in those weaknesses, and not so much in their own actions. These two femme fatales control Huff both mentally and physically, and their dominance is reflected in Huff’s lack of it. In the second chapter of The Street Was Mine: White Masculinity in Hardboiled Fiction and Film Noir, Megan Abbott thoroughly describes Walter Huff’s body movements, reactions, and transformations. This inversion of these powers breaks with the normative gender binaries the world was accustomed to seeing back in the early decades of the XX century and the many years before them. Or, as Abbott expresses it: â€Å"The hysteric then can unsettle meaning, essentialist gender structures, and heteronormativity through his/her body and speech† (34). The â€Å"unsettling† of these gender structures in literature is very important because, in a world where the male characters dominate and are treated as superior, the status quo breaks and a new way of viewing gender and its structures enters the scene. The femme fatale in Double Indemnity is a woman who uses anyone in front of her to get what she wants. Phyllis committed murder about a handful of times and tricked many to be partners in crime with her. She was not just a regular â€Å"man-eater†, but the representation of death itself. â€Å"But theres something in me that loves Death. I think of myself as Death, sometimes† (Cain, 233). Not only the death of her past and current victims, but also Huff’s, eventually. We see Phyllis infiltrating into Huff’s body from when â€Å"all of a sudden she looked at [Huff], and [he] felt a chill creep straight up my back and into the roots of [his] hair† (Cain, 221) to the moment Huff â€Å"[feels] her† (Cain, 327) presence in the ship’s stateroom. These effects that she has on Huff take him from committing a crime he probably wouldn’t have committed in the first place to the ending of his own life. However, even though we see clearly ce rtain femme fatale characteristics in Phyllis, she is â€Å"both failing to meet the aesthetic criteria of the femme fatale yet over-representing the femme fatale in parodic lethality† (Abbott, 39). Phyllis’ body, as well as Huff’s, plays a key element in the novel. Her lethality is mirrored in Huff’s body, and her body as well is reflecting the dominance she has over Huff. Lola plays an important role in Double Indemnity as well as Phyllis. We don’t see the same quantity of negative effects on Huff from Lola like we see from Phyllis; however, Lola’s presence too affects Huff’s body. These effects are more positive than negative, nonetheless, they are very profound. In the novel’s eleventh chapter it reads: Maybe I havent explained it right, yet, how I felt about this girl Lola. It wasnt anything like what I had felt for Phyllis. That was some kind of unhealthy excitement that came over me just at the sight of her. This wasnt anything like that. It was just a sweet peace that came over me as soon as I was with her (Cain, 299). In a way, Lola controlled Huff. He knew Lola still had back and forth feelings for Sachetti (â€Å"She felt that it proved Sachetti loved her† (Cain, 317)), yet kept going after her, with his hopes up high, thinking they could still end up together. Huff paralyzed himself, in a way, as he kept idealizing his impossible relationship with Lola, for example, when he spent a while thinking if their age difference was really going to be a problem or not. In the end, Lola did not result to be as malicious and terrible to Huff, but still, she made her effects clear. The way these women’s dominance is reflected in a man’s body is important because we see hysteria in the male character instead of in the female one. â€Å"Scores of feminist readings of hysteria have focused on the hysteric as a woman fighting social constructions of acceptable femininity. This reading has been recently expanded to considerations of male hysteria† (Abbott, 34). Literature and common culture had focused the hysteria on the female body only, and the fact that roles are inverted in Double Indemnity because women here stop being the victims in a patriarchal society. Works Cited Abbott, Megan. I Can Feel Her: The White Male as Hysteric in James M. Cain and Raymond Chandler. Abbott, Megan. The Street Was Mine: White Masculinity in Hardboiled fiction and Film Noir . New York: Pallgrave MacMillan, 202. 21-47. Cain, James M. Double Indemnity. New York: KNOPF, 1943. .